plant extract | black cohosh extract is a dry black cohosh Cimicifuge racemosa (L) Nutt. Extracts from roots and rhizomes are used as raw materials. Commercial extracts are usually standardized to contain triterpene saponin 2.5%. This information is edited by Shi Yan. |
Extraction source | Black cohosh, also known as black snakeroot and rattlesnake root, has a long history of use in the United States. Indians drink the decoction of black cohosh root The juice is used to eliminate fatigue, treat sore throat, arthritis and snake bites, but black cohosh is mainly used for some gynecological diseases. In 1749, the Linnaeus included black cohosh in "Materia Medica" and became one of the main drugs of homeopathy in the early 20th century. Modern research in Germany has proved the effectiveness and safety of black cohosh in the treatment of symptoms related to menopause, and is recommended to treat symptoms such as premenstrual syndrome, menstrual abdominal pain, and menopausal depression. Black cohosh was included in the British Herbal Code and the United States Pharmacopoeia from 1820 to 1926. [Plant Form] Perennial herb, up to 9 feet high, smooth stem, large serrated compound leaves on the stem, many flowers, small shape, white, nodules on the root, bitter and sour. [Distribution] Black cohosh is distributed in Europe, North America and Asia. In the United States, black cohosh is distributed in fertile woodlands east and south of the Mississippi River except New England, as well as in Missouri and Arkansas. Fig. 1 is black cohosh |
Main ingredient | The main chemical ingredient is triterpene saponin: mainly Actein, Epi-Actein, 27-Deoxyactein, black cohosh glycoside Cimicifugoside (aglycone is black cohosh alcohol Cimigenol), acetyl black cohosh alcohol xyloside Acetyl Sheng-manol Xyloside (aglycone Acetylacteol), 26-deoxyblack cohosh glycoside (26-deoxycimifigoside), Cimiracemo-dide A- H, 27-deoxyacetyl cohosh glycoside, black cohosh (Cimitin), BugbanosideA-F. Phenolic acids mainly include: 2-E-cafficoylfukiic acid (Fukinolic acid), 2-E-Feruloylfukiic acid (Cimicifugic acid A), 2-E-Isoferoylfukiic acid (Cimicifugic acid B), 2-E-Feruloylpicicacid (Cimicifugic acid E), 2-E- Isoferuloylpiscidic acid, (Cimicifugic acid F), caffeic acid Cafficacid, ferulic acid Ferulic acid, ferulic acid Isoferulic acid, salicylic acid, etc. It also contains flavonoids, tannins, resins, fatty acids, starches, sugars, etc. Fig. 2 is the chemical structural formula of phenolic acids |
pharmacological effects | 1. antidepressant effects contain estrogen-like substances, which can restrain estrogen receptors in animal models and can significantly reduce luteinizing hormone LH in both humans and animals. Black cohosh extract can improve women's postpartum depression and relieve symptoms of premenopausal and menopausal syndrome. 2. Antibacterial effect Black cohosh extract has inhibitory effect on gram positive and negative bacteria. 3. Anticancer effect Black cohosh extract can significantly inhibit the proliferation of rat breast cancer cells, and can prevent thymic cancer and prostate cancer. 4. Anti-inflammatory effect on arthritis and rheumatism, especially arthritis caused by menopause, has anti-inflammatory effect, because it contains salicylic acid has a slight analgesic effect. 5. The effect on the circulatory system. Black cohosh extract has the effects of lowering blood pressure, inhibiting myocardium, and slowing down heart rate. It can treat hypertension, tinnitus and dizziness. 6. Other effects Antispasmodic effects are beneficial to asthma patients and chronic cough patients such as whooping cough. There is also a hypoglycemic effect. 7. Toxic and side effects Black cohosh stimulates uterine contraction may lead to abortion. Women during pregnancy and lactation should avoid taking black cohosh. In addition, overdose, long-term use of black cohosh can cause dizziness, low-head headache, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, blurred vision, headache, tremor, adhesion pain, slow heart rate, etc. |
preparation method | the original medicinal materials are chopped, 75% ethanol is added for reflux extraction for 3 times, ethanol is recovered to be completely under reduced pressure, thick paste is continued to be recovered, vacuum dried, crushed and sieved to obtain. |
identification | identification rhizome brown-black, hard, nearly cylindrical, multi-node, 1-2cm in diameter, 5-15cm in length; The branches are numerous, vertical or curved, with residual buds or round marks at the end, the branches are about 1cm thick, more than 3cm long, with obvious closely arranged leaf marks, broken or angular; the cross section has an outer cortex ring far away from the center, surrounding a layer of palisade cells, narrow vascular tissue, interlaced with medullary rays, and a large central medulla. Roots often fall and leave annular root marks. The root is brown-black, 1~3mm in diameter, fragile, cylindrical or blunt quadrilateral, with longitudinal wrinkles; there is an obvious cambium line in the cross section, which separates the wide outer cortex from the center to form 3~6 wedge-shaped lignified xylem tissues, the vertices are united, the broad parts are separated, and there are non-lignified medullary rays. No smell, slightly bitter. Microscopic identification of corked skin cells is neatly arranged, the wall is thick, and the cortex is filled with starch; the woody wedge is lignified, consisting of most small ducts, depressions, reticular walls, thin-walled fibers, xylem parenchyma, non-lignified pulp and pulp rays containing starch grains; the starch grains are single or mostly, and the diameter of individual starch grains is 3~15 μm, with a central crack-like umbilical point. Thin layer identification of about 1g of medicinal materials, add 10ml of methanol, reflux extraction in water bath for 15-20 minutes, cooling, filtration, filtrate is the sample solution. In addition, a proper amount of rutin reference substance is taken, dissolved in methanol, and a 0.025% reference substance solution is prepared. Take the above solutions respectively, point them on the same thin-layer plate, use ethyl acetate-anhydrous formic acid-glacial acetic acid-water (100:11:11:27) as the developing agent, unfold, take them out, dry them, spray 1% methanol solution of diphenylboronic acid aminoethane ester (Dirhenylboric acid2-aminoethylest) and 5% ethanol solution of polyethylene glycol 4000 (96%) at 366nm, and inspect them, the retention values of the main spots relative to rutin are: blue-white 2.2, dark-blue 1.9, and blue-white 1.65. |
clinical efficacy | traditional uses of black cohosh include: angina pectoris, arthritis, bronchial asthma, postpartum pain, cholera, convulsions, convulsions, convulsions, spasms, indigestion, gonorrhea, hysteria, liver and kidney problems, measles, pericarditis, rheumatism, scarlet fever, sciatica, scrofula (lymphatic tuberculosis), snake bite, sexual dysfunction, smallpox, spermatorrhea tinnitus, whooping cough. Black cohosh extract is mainly used to treat autonomic neurological disorders caused by menopause. It has a good effect on female reproductive problems such as amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menopausal symptoms such as weakness, depression, hot flashes, infertility or childbirth. It can also be used to treat the following diseases: angina pectoris, hypertension, arthritis, bronchial asthma, snake bite, cholera, convulsions, convulsions, dyspepsia, gonorrhea, asthma and chronic cough such as whooping cough, cancer and liver and kidney problems. |
application overview | black cohosh has appeared in a series of products in the United States, from capsules and tablets containing only dry roots to medicinal wine and standardized extracts. the recommended application dosage is: add 2 to 4 black cohosh tinctures to a small amount of boiled water or tea 2 to 3 times a day, or take 2 tablets or 2 capsules containing standardized extract of black cohosh every day, and the use period cannot exceed 6 months. |